The Windsor Consultation and Sustainable Tourism

This month I had the privilege of serving as one of the co-chairs for the Windsor Castle Consultation "Imagine the Possible: Innovation for Urban Development, Sustainable Tourism and Culture.

The Consultation was coordinated by Dr. Diane Davis of the International Council for Caring Communities (ICCC). The Consultation was attended by representatives from three different U.N. agencies and global leaders from such diverse places as Europe, the UAE, U.S. and China.
The sustainable tourism portion included concepts of the anthropocene, planetary boundaries, social-ecological systems approaches, resilience thinking and cultural preservation, particularly for indigenous cultures and the cultures found in geotourism destinations.
A summary of some of the key ideas presented are as follows:
As many scientists have observed we have entered a new geological era called the Antropocene, where human impacts are the most powerful force for changes on planet Earth.
Key evidence that we are now in this new era where humans are the dominating force include:

• Population is currently 7.2 billion and projected to grow to 8.3 to 10.9 billion by 2050
• 75 percent of Earth's land surface outside of ice sheets is managed by humans
• 40 percent of Earth's land area is used for agriculture and demand for food is increasing as population grows
• 50 percent of the world's forests are lost
• Extinction rates for plant and animal species is 100 to 1000 times above normal
• Only about 10 percent of the world's land area is protected and much of it does not have the ability to enforce that protection. For the oceans the percentage is much less.

The Stockholm Resilience Centre scientists have begun to quantify what are called planetary boundaries to define the limits in which humans can operate safely. These planetary boundaries include:

• Climate Change
• Ocean Acidification
• Novel entities
• Ozone Depletion
• Atmospheric Aerosol Loading
• Biochemical Flows (Phosphorus and Nitrogen)
• Freshwater Use
• Land System Changes (Loss of forests are the Key issue)
• Biosphere Integrity (loss of biodiversity)

A new model for tourism was shared to address the planetary boundaries along with some examples of best practices in tourism. Some of the best practices already in place include but are not limited to:
Climate Change & Ocean Acidification - Both of these boundaries are focused on the same issue, the need to reduce carbon emissions.
The Walt Disney Company has set the benchmark for tourism by setting a goal in 2008 to reduce their net carbon emissions by 50 percent by the year 2012 and then become net carbon zero thereafter. They achieved the interim goal and now working to be net carbon zero.
They have also made a decision to tax carbon emissions on every business unit of the Company. The money collected from the self-imposed tax is used to either reduce their carbon further through different conservation and efficiency strategies, and/or to purchase carbon offsets which are mostly used to purchase forest preservation.

Another best practice example is The Paradise Bay Villas in Grenada. They offer carbon offsets for all flights from its guests along with carbon offsets for their local transport while at the resort. The factoring in of the travel helps to make them truly net carbon neutral.

Land System Changes - This boundary is focused primarily on the need to preserve our forests, particularly tropical forests.
The Walt Disney Company is a leader in this area preserving forests and other critical habitat through their Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, a donation of $17 million to Conservation International for the UN-REDD programs, purchase of 7 million acres of forest land through carbon offsets in Peru, Congo and the U.S., and contributions of a portion of the movie tickets for their Disney Nature films for conservation purposes including forest preservation.
The UN-REDD Programme is the United Nations collaborative initiative on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries.

Novel Entities - This boundary includes chemical pollution and other unforeseen consequences of various human activities and interventions. Some best practices for this boundary include:

• Shearaton Hotel, San Diego California has developed a zero waste to landfill program to eliminate harmful chemical pollution.
• Marriott Hotels are diverting over a million pounds of E-waste
• The Disney Animal Kingdom is using all non toxic chemicals for cleaning and maintenance.
• The Disney Cruise Line has developed a new chemical free toxic hull coating for its cruise ships which has the added benefit of making them ore energy efficient.

Biochemical Flows - This boundary is focused on the need to reduce the phosphorus and nitrogen overload, which is a primary cause of the over 400 Ocean Dead Zones around the world, the largest the size of the state of New Jersey.
The primary issue is the need to reduce harmful fertilizers.
The Chiles Restaurant Group in Anna Maria, Island, FL is a global leader in utilizing organic and locally sourced food that greatly reduces the need for harmful fertilizers.
Some of their best practice initiatives include:

• Growing edible gardens on Pine Avenue
• Purchase of a farm for both organic fruits and vegetables and hydroponic farming to supply the restaurants
• Using the invasive species of the Wild Pig as a new menu item
• Developing a new model for sustainable seafood in collaboration with the local Cortez Historic Fishing Village and many other partners. This new model is now being considered for the Gulf Coast Innovation Challenge

In addition to these best practices already in existence, the collaboration between Pierre & Vacances Center Parcs and Euro Disney on the Village Nature promises to raise the bar even higher for best practices in sustainable tourism to live safely within the planetary boundaries.
The commitment of this project includes:

• Target 1 - Zero Carbon using geothermal, photovoltaics, wind and biomass
• Target 2 - Zero Waste using preventative initiatives to reduce initial waste, sort 90 percent of recyclable waste, visitor education and composting
• Target 3 - Sustainable Transport prohibiting cars inside the site during the stay, achieve 28 percent of visitors arriving by train, ensure that 100 percent of visitors use public transport during their stay, giving priority to pedestrian, bike and horse trails, and improving transportation infrastructure for buses and railways.
• Target 4 - Sustainable and local materials using lifecycle analysis, and eco-labelled products when choosing building procedures, building materials and furnishings.
• Target 5 - Sustainable and local food that will contain 25 percent of food produced within 100 KM, 20 percent of goods from organic farming, minimum of 50 percent of products coming from fair trade, no GMO's, partnerships with local farmers, producing some food onsite and offering sustainable organic menus in onsite restaurants.
• Target 6 - Sustainable Water using water conservation devices, efficient water treatment, supplying pools through rainwater, water storage systems and ecological designing of pools (by planting reed beds) to improve water quality and preserve biodiversity
• Target 7 - Fauna, Flora and habitat by keeping development to less than 10 percent of the land, preserving the water ways and ecological zones, creating themed gardens and an organic farm and implementing flora and fauna observatories.
• Target 8 - Culture and heritage, through setting up hiking or excursion programs focused on the discovery of the local culture and heritage, promoting local products and setting up a program for visitor information and involvement about sustainable development and the "One Planet Living" approach.
• Target 9 - Local Partnerships through creating direct and indirect jobs in partnership with employment agencies, maximizing spending within a 100 KM radius, open partnerships with local players and fostering job opportunities as well as economic, social and fiscal benefits for the inhabitants in neighboring areas. All facilities will be accessible to the mobility impaired.
• Target 10 - Quality of Life & Well Being through organizing events focused on learning about sustainable lifestyles, and actives focused on interactions with nature, sports and health, use of healthy materials, access to a healthy diet, promoting a responsible human resource and ensuring comprehensive synergies with Village Nature's social and economic development.

The challenges of humanity living within the planetary boundaries can at times seem overwhelming. One sign of hope that I found on a side trip I took before the consultation was found at Stonehenge.
To this day no one is really sure how or why this temple was built some 5000 years ago.
Some of the stones are estimated to weigh as much as 45 tons and some of them are thought to come from as far away as Wales.
The temple was built with no trucks for transporting the stones, no improved roads, no sophisticated communication systems or other technologies that might be thought today as a necessary must for accomplishing such a task.
In an article in Live Science I read "One new theory about Stonehenge, released in 2012 by members of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, is that Stonehenge marks the "unification of Britain," a point when people across the island worked together and used a similar style of houses, pottery and other items.
In a news release, professor Mike Parker Pearson of the University of Sheffield said that "this was very different to the regionalism of previous centuries. Stonehenge itself was a massive undertaking, requiring the labour of thousands to move stones from as far away as west Wales, shaping them and erecting them. Just the work itself, requiring everyone literally to pull together, would have been an act of unification."
Perhaps this is what is most needed for the world to address the challenges of living safely within planetary boundaries, unification around common goals and people willing to cooperate and pull together, and to sacrifice if necessary to accomplish something for the greater good.

Results and recommendations from this Consultation are designed to stimulate implementation of result oriented solutions through presentations at United Nations Commissions and Forums as well as, other related venues.
Some key recommendations for you the reader to consider for implementation include but are not limited to.

1. Increase awareness of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) criteria.
2. Develop incentives to accelerate the utilization of GSTC certification.
3. Facilitate collaboration and sharing among the UNTWO Global Observatories.
4. Develop new partnership exchanges with resorts, universities, special expertise in areas such as energy, waste management, water conservation, food and culture.
5. Use new media and computer technology to better educate guests, track sustainability measurements and report data results.
6. Develop a means to share best practices for tourism in addressing the 9 planetary boundaries.
7. Develop a best practice sustainable tourism model in China.

As the consultation members continue to share ideas and develop new models for best practices, I would be most interested in any thoughts that any of you may have to contribute to the process as well.
All of us can contribute something to make tourism more sustainable and in turn our world a better place for all.
Dr. David W. Randle is Director of the University of South Florida's Patel College of Global Sustainability Sustainable Tourism, Managing Director International Ocean Institute Waves of Change Blue Community Initiative, and President and CEO of the WHALE Center

How to Forge a Mentoring Relationship, by Patrick Cook-Deegan

How to Forge a Mentoring Relationship, by Patrick Cook-Deegan
Here are eight lessons I have learned about what makes for effective mentoring, particularly for young men.
1. Bring in mindfulness
Studies suggest that young men have a particularly hard time sitting still and being with their thoughts. I begin mentoring sessions with mindfulness meditation and end with compassion meditation. Practicing mindfulness mediation helps young men experience stillness and be with their own thoughts and feelings. One of my mentees now sits three times a week for 15 minutes outside of our sessions; he says it allows him to feel more comfortable with himself.
2. Practice positive coaching
Young men are rarely asked to envision a healthy future for themselves. But recent studies suggest that positive coaching—in which a mentor helps nurture a mentee’s aspirations and goals for growth—can help the mentee better visualize their future and deal with stress. These improvements are even reflected in changes in the neural pathways of their brain.
I ask my young men to set goals for themselves in all areas of their lives: meaningful friendships, relationships with parents and siblings, how they treat themselves and others. After one of my mentees went on a long, much-needed walk with his mom to talk about their relationship, I praised him for doing something that took a lot of courage.
3. Take the longview
I have been taking annual week-long classes taught by one of my mentors for six years. It took mesix full years to really understand what he was teaching. There is a power in being patient as a mentor. This is especially true when working with adolescents. Neither of you may appreciate how you have changed their life until they are making a decision five years later and think of you and something you told them.
4. Embody what you teach
You have to practice what you preach. It sounds simple, but it is very clear to young people if you are being authentic. The Good Work Project found that positive mentors had three distinct qualities: perseverance in the face of adversity, professional creativity, and a commitment to the mission and values of their work. Young people mentored by elders with these qualities were more likely to embody these qualities themselves. This is a great benefit of being a mentor: It makes you more committed to cultivating your own positive values.

President Obama visits a B.A.M. group in Hyde Park, Chicago. B.A.M.
5. Show vulnerability
As a mentor you have to be willing to be vulnerable with your mentees about what is going on inside you. If you want your mentees to open up, you have to be willing to share as well as appropriate (this makes it very different from a classic therapist-patient relationship)—at least within certain limits.
For example, one of my young guys was having a lot of trouble with his girlfriend. Without going into too much detail, I told him that I was also having a tough time in my relationship, that relationships are hard, and that there is no silver bullet. This openness created a sense of connection between us. You do not need to pretend like you know everything to be a good mentor; you just have to be real about what you do and do not know.
6. Don’t force it
I had one young man whose parents really wanted me to mentor their son, but he showed no interest in repeated attempts to connect. At the end of the day, if a young person does not want to be mentored, it will not work. Similarly, you need to have a genuine connection between the mentor and mentee for the relationship to work. I met with one young man who I just could not connect with. You do not need to judge yourself or blame yourself. Just let it go and be honest about the fact that some people don’t click.
7. Don’t take yourself too seriously
Do not confuse meaningfulness with seriousness. When I first started mentoring, I made it very serious and was overbearing at times. Over the years, I learned that if I lightened up, made some jokes, and found ways to bring humor in, I invited more intimacy, connection, and made the whole thing a lot more fun (which is important if you are going to do this for many years).
8. Don’t think too hard
Of course, there is nothing revolutionary in any of this. Humans have been mentoring humans for thousands of years. In fact for most of human history, mentoring and apprenticeships were the predominate mode of learning. As is so often the case in our culture, we need to re-learn what once was a predominant mode of being.

Tips for using Google Scholar

Tips for using Google Scholar from the University of Illinois:

Accessing Google Scholar

You may search Google Scholar at: 
https://scholar.google.com/

If you use Firefox, you may also want to add a search plugin for Google Scholar, so you can
search GS more easily!  Here's how:

• The default search engine on the Firefox toolbar is Google.  But you can add many other
  search engines to the toolbar, and access them via the dropdown list next to the search bar.
  To find other search engines, search the MyCroft Project site.  Some popular search
  engines to add:
• Google Scholar; Google News; Internet Movie Database (IMDB); Wikipedia; Amazon; UIUC Library, Easy Search; YouTube; Epicurious; etc.
• Once you have located a search engine in MyCroft, just click on it's name and it will be added
  to your list of search engines. 
• If you've added a lot of search engines to the Firefox toolbar, you may want to put them in a
  specific order; do this via the "Manage Search Engines" link, at the bottom of the list of search
  engines.

Setting up Preferences in Google Scholar

Be sure to set up your Google Scholar preferences so you have access to the Library's "Discover"
links and can more readily download citations into RefWorks or EndNote.

• From the Google Scholar page, https://scholar.google.com/, click on Scholar Preferences.
• Under "Library Links", search for:  University of South Florida. Select all that match.  Follow these links to the full text of articles subscribed to by the USF Library.  Note:  if you are on campus, you will see these links without even selecting this GS preferences option.
• Under "Bibliographic Manager", select the tool you use:  RefWorks, EndNote,
  etc.  Now you'll see a link in each GS record that will allow you to download the basic
  citation information into your tool.  Note:  This only allow you to download the
  information that GS has for each article -- so you will not get the abstracts, keywords, etc.
  
• Be sure to click on "Save Preferences", when you have completed making the
  selection on this page that you want.
  

Searching Google Scholar

Fundamentally, you can search Google Scholar much as you do Google.  Be aware that it is
searching a somewhat different universe than Google does, as it searches behind the firewalls of
many, many publisher websites, pdfs, etc.  It also searches quality sites such as researcher's web sites.

Some quick tips for searching Google or Google Scholar:

• Use parentheses to hold phrases together, e.g., "glucose transporter" "brain tumor"
• Normally Google searches for items that contain all the terms in the search box (and AND)
  search.  To perform an OR search, put OR in caps, e.g., "honey bee" OR honeybee
• If you are interested in articles that speak of a certain topic, but not if they mention another, put a minus sign directly in front of the undesired term or phrase, e.g., "apis mellifera"
  disease -varroa

Use the Advanced Search to Search Google Scholar. 

To the right of the GS search box is a link for the Advanced Scholar Search.  Besides facilitating topical search, the Advanced Search allows you to search specifically by author, publication, publication date range, and more.

Pulling multiple Google Scholar citations into EndNote or RefWorks

Have you ever been frustrated that you can only download one citation at a time from Google
Scholar?  If so, then I would recommend that you investigateZotero and / or Publish or Perish (POP).  Both of these free (to academics) tools will help you download selected GS citations into a RIS text file, which you can them import into RefWorks or EndNote. Please refer the detailed instructions
here.

Search Google Scholar using EndNote Online

Note:  this suggeston is from Donna Kirking, Senior Product Trainer, Research Software,
Thomson Reuters; contact her if you have questions...

Phone: +1 510 931 7512   Donna.Kirking@thomsonreuters.com

There is now an easier way to get a larger number of references from Google Scholar into EndNote
than doing it one at a time or going through Zotero.

If you install the EndNote online/basic toolbar, you can capture a full page of Google Scholar
references if your Google Scholar settings are to use EndNote Online (aka MyEndnoteWeb) as your
bibliography software.

Note that you will need to have the following set up to make it work:

• Google Scholar will need to be set in advance to use the EndNote format for its bibliography
  settings.

• You will need an EndNote online or EndNote basic account to import the references into.
  They will not import directly to EndNote on the desktop, but they can be synced to EndNote desktop from EndNote online.  You can sign up for an EndNote online account through Web of Knowledge - click on the Endnote link at the top of a search page to get started.  The EndNote
  online/basic toolbar preferences must be set to import to the online library. You can change these settings by selecting
  
  Tools>Add-ons>Extensions, then clicking on the
  
  Option
  button for the EndNote Capture extension.  You should be using the current EndNote Capture add-on, version 3.8.  If you are using an older add-on, I suggest updating it.